Discard cracked eggs. Keep eggs refrigerated. Thoroughly wash produce before eating it. Avoid cross-contamination of foods. Keep uncooked meats separate from produce, cooked foods, and ready-to-eat foods. Thoroughly wash all utensils, including cutting boards, knives, and counters, after handling uncooked foods.
Thoroughly wash hands before handling foods and between handling different food items. Thoroughly wash hands after contact with feces. Thoroughly wash hands after handling any reptiles or birds, since reptiles and birds are particularly likely to carry salmonella.
When should I call my healthcare provider? Key points about salmonella infections Salmonella infections are diarrheal infections caused by the bacteria salmonella. Symptoms of a salmonella infection may include diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramps 12 to 72 hours after infection chills, headache, nausea, or vomiting.
Treatment may not be necessary unless dehydration happens or the infection spreads to the blood stream. Prevention includes cooking foods properly, avoiding raw milk and eggs, washing food, utensils, hands, and kitchen surfaces properly. Next steps Tips to help you get the most from a visit to your healthcare provider: Know the reason for your visit and what you want to happen.
Before your visit, write down questions you want answered. Bring someone with you to help you ask questions and remember what your provider tells you. At the visit, write down the name of a new diagnosis, and any new medicines, treatments, or tests.
Also write down any new instructions your provider gives you. Know why a new medicine or treatment is prescribed, and how it will help you. Also know what the side effects are. Ask if your condition can be treated in other ways. Know why a test or procedure is recommended and what the results could mean. They include:. Because it is possible for salmonella to be spread from person to person, outbreaks can occur, particularly in institutions such as elderly care or nursing homes.
The typical symptoms are diarrhoea and stomach cramps. The diarrhoea can sometimes be bloody. You may also feel sick have nausea and be sick vomit and you can develop a high temperature fever.
Symptoms tend to come on within hours of eating the contaminated food or being in contact with the infected animal. This time period before symptoms appear is known as the 'incubation period'.
In most people, symptoms are relatively mild and improve within days without any specific treatment. If symptoms are severe, a lack of fluid in the body dehydration can occur.
You should consult a doctor quickly if you suspect that you or your child are becoming dehydrated. Mild dehydration is common and is usually easily reversed by drinking lots of fluids. Severe dehydration can be fatal unless quickly treated because the organs of your body need a certain amount of fluid to function.
For more information about dehydration symptoms in children and adults see our separate leaflet called Dehydration. Many people will recognise food poisoning from their typical symptoms and, if these symptoms are mild, they do not usually need to seek medical advice or receive specific medical treatment.
So, you may have salmonella infection that is not 'confirmed'. However, in some circumstances, you may need to seek medical advice when you have food poisoning see below about when to seek medical advice.
The doctor or nurse may ask you questions about recent travel abroad or any ways that you may have eaten or drunk contaminated food or water. They will also usually check you for signs of lack of fluid in the body dehydration. They may check your temperature, pulse and blood pressure. They may also examine your tummy abdomen to look for any tenderness. The doctor or nurse may ask you to collect a stool faeces sample.
The sample of your stool is sent to the laboratory for testing. Salmonella is confirmed if the germ bacteria is found in your stool sample. Food is sometimes tested for salmonella in outbreaks. A stool sample is not always needed. Your doctor is likely to suggest one in certain situations, such as:. The reason a stool sample is not always needed is that in many cases knowing what germ you have does not make any difference to the treatment you need.
Most cases of salmonella get better on their own even before the stool test result is back. If your child has gastroenteritis from any cause including possible food poisoning caused by salmonella , you should seek medical advice in the following situations:. If you have gastroenteritis from any cause including possible food poisoning caused by salmonella , you should seek medical advice in any of the following situations:.
Most children with salmonella do not need any specific treatment. The symptoms usually improve in a few days as their immune system has time to clear the infection. Children with salmonella can usually be cared for at home. Occasionally, admission to hospital is needed if symptoms are severe, or if complications develop. You should encourage your child to take plenty of fluids. The aim is to prevent lack of fluid in the body dehydration.
However, if your child is not dehydrated most cases or once any dehydration has been corrected, encourage your child to have their normal diet. For information about what to give children with salmonella to eat and drink, see our separate leaflet called Acute Diarrhoea in Children. You should not give medicines to stop diarrhoea to children under 12 years old. They sound attractive remedies but are unsafe to give to children, due to possible serious complications.
However, you can give paracetamol or ibuprofen to ease a high temperature fever or headache. If symptoms are severe or persist for several days or more, a doctor may ask for a sample of the diarrhoea.
This is sent to the laboratory to look for infecting germs bacteria, parasites, etc including salmonella. If salmonella is found in the sample, antibiotics are not usually required. However a very short course of an antibiotic may be needed if:. Probiotics are generally not recommended for children with gastroenteritis or food poisoning from any cause.
This may change if further research shows that they are helpful. Antisecretory medicines are a newer group of treatments. They are designed to be used with rehydration treatment. They reduce the amount of water that is released into the gut during an episode of diarrhoea. They can be used for children who are older than 3 months of age. Racecadotril is the only antisecretory medicine available in the UK at the moment and is only available on prescription. It is not available in Scotland on prescription as it is felt there is not enough evidence yet about how effective it is.
Symptoms often settle within a few days or so as your immune system usually clears the infection. Occasionally, admission to hospital is needed if symptoms are severe, or if complications develop see below.
For information about what to eat and drink during a Salmonella infection, see our separate leaflet called Gastroenteritis. Medication Antidiarrhoeal medicines are not usually necessary. However, a medicine called loperamide may be advised in some situations.
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